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Unprecedented! Elon Musk personally dismantles Wall Street IPO rules, with 30% of shares directly supplied to retail investors—Is this a "stabilizer" or a "new scythe"?
A commercial space company is challenging the underwriting rules that Wall Street has followed for decades with a disruptive public-offering plan. According to sources familiar with the matter, its founder is discussing allocating as much as 30% of the shares in its initial public offering directly to individual investors.
This proportion is a full three times the norm. Market analysis points to its core intent: to use the founder’s massive personal following to build a “stabilizer” for the post-listing stock price, cushioning the dramatic volatility caused by “pump-and-dump” distribution.
Meanwhile, the company has completely abandoned the traditional model in which large investment banks broadly compete to underwrite and cover the whole deal. The founder has personally carved out clear “tracks” for each bank, giving each one a distinct role. Bank of America will handle connecting with domestic high-net-worth individuals and family offices; Morgan Stanley will serve small retail investors through its online trading platform; and UBS will be responsible for the international business of the two categories of investors above.
Citigroup’s role is to coordinate the distribution of international retail and institutional investors. In regional markets, the division of labor is even more granular: Mizuho handles Japan, Barclays handles the UK, Deutsche Bank handles Germany, and Royal Bank of Canada handles Canada. The foundation for this arrangement is long-term cooperation relationships, not public bidding.
The company’s potential IPO valuation could reach $1.75 trillion, putting it on track to join the ranks of the largest IPOs in history. Some market observers compare the apparent level of retail investor demand to the excitement during Google’s IPO two decades ago, expecting demand to be unusually strong.
Over the long term, wealthy family offices that have been tracking the company, as well as ordinary investors drawn in by the founder’s personal charisma, could all become the main subscription force. The logic for reserving such a large proportion of shares for retail investors is straightforward: those investors who have held them for the long term during the private phase have weaker incentives to immediately sell and cash out after the listing, thereby helping smooth stock-price volatility.
The confidence behind this strategy comes from the base of trust in individual investors that the founder’s companies have built up over the long term. A managing partner at a private investment firm described it as a “once-in-a-lifetime” opportunity to participate, adding that investors’ enthusiasm itself is a vote of confidence in the founder.
The founder previously successfully took an electric-vehicle company into the mainstream and turned a high-cost satellite network experiment into a profitable business—these track records lead many investors to place a high level of trust in his judgment about cutting-edge technology. In the rocket-launch sector, the company has already taken a leading position and continues to push its grand vision of making humankind a multi-planet species.
This ability to combine commercial success with an epic narrative has already given it a deep foundation of institutional and individual investors before the IPO, providing natural soil for this retail-focused IPO strategy. The company has not yet finalized the exact offering size and timeline. At present, the global IPO financing record is held by Saudi Aramco, which raised roughly $29 billion in 2019.
From Wall Street’s perspective, this is not just an IPO—it is a restructuring of the power structure behind capital allocation. When the share of allocations that have traditionally been decided by investment banks is instead directed largely toward retail investors driven by “belief,” the long-term market effects are well worth deep thought for anyone paying attention to where capital flows. If this model succeeds, will it reshape the listing path of tech giants the way Tesla disrupted the auto industry?
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