
日銀啟動監理沙盒測試當座預金代幣化,推動 24 小時結算並參與 Agorá 計劃,2026 年決定數位日圓。
植田和男總裁宣佈啟動監理沙盒,將當座預金代幣化以革新結算系統
根據《日本經濟新聞》報導,日本銀行(日銀,BOJ)總裁植田和男於昨(3/3)日在東京舉行的 FIN/SUM 2026 全球金融科技峰會上,發表了題為「新金融生態系與央行角色」的專題演說。植田和男在演講中正式表明,日本銀行已著手啟動一項全新的「監理沙盒(Sandbox)」實驗計劃,旨在測試金融機構利用區塊鏈技術結算其在央行的當座預金(即商業銀行存放於日銀的結算準備金)。
這項計劃的核心在於將央行貨幣以區塊鏈上的數位代幣形式呈現,藉此探索更廣泛且高效的結算方式。**植田和男強調,區塊鏈技術已從理論研究進入實踐階段,特別是在去中心化金融(DeFi)、智能合約與代幣化資產蓬勃發展的背景下,央行必須積極適應由可程式化貨幣所形塑的新型金融生態。**日銀在本次實驗中,將邀請外部專家共同參與,深入研討區塊鏈系統與現行金融網路系統(BOJ-NET)的連接方式,並針對國內銀行間結算與證券結算等核心場景進行精細的技術精確度驗證。
實現 24 小時即時大型結算,技術協作將結合民間穩定幣生態
此項區塊鏈實驗的主要技術優勢在於突破了傳統金融基礎設施的時間限制。目前日本銀行的結算系統在週末及夜間並不運作,而導入區塊鏈技術後,將可實現一年 365 天、一天 24 小時的即時大額結算,顯著降低跨境匯款的時間與成本,並提升結算效率。
分析指出,透過區塊鏈處理銀行儲備金結算,能在市場遭遇極端壓力或金融動盪時,有效減少因結算延遲而產生的「連鎖停滯(Gridlock)」風險。此外,日銀也計劃探索將此技術與智能合約結合,開發出具備條件觸發功能的自動結算機制。
值得注意的是,植田總裁在演說中提到,日銀也將技術聯動的視野擴大至民間部門,特別是針對三菱 UFJ、三井住友與瑞穗等 3 大金控集團共同推動的穩定幣計劃,評估未來央行代幣化貨幣與民間發行穩定幣之間的互通性。這種公私部門的技術協作,旨在確保數位貨幣環境下的「貨幣單一性(Singleness of Money)」,維持金融體系的穩定與流動性。
延伸閱讀
日本三大銀行聯手!日圓穩定幣驗證啟動,金融廳推動數位支付新時代
全球批發型 CBDC 佈局,參與 Agorá 計劃以優化國際支付網路
日本銀行的區塊鏈嘗試不僅限於國內,更積極參與由國際清算銀行(BIS)及多國央行共同發起的全球實驗計劃「Project Agorá」。該計劃致力於在區塊鏈網路上構建代幣化的央行存款機制,以解決目前跨境支付中手續繁瑣、透明度低且成本高昂的問題。
植田總裁指出,透過將批發型央行貨幣與商業銀行代幣化預金結合,可以大幅精簡國際清算流程,並確保結算的最終性。
此外,隨著人工智慧(AI)技術的快速演進,日銀也計劃將 AI 與區塊鏈結合,利用 AI 強大的數據分析能力來監測區塊鏈上的交易記錄,強化風險管理與反洗錢(AML)、打擊資助恐怖主義(CFT)的合規審查。雖然區塊鏈帶來了自動化交易的便利,但植田總裁同時提出警告,認為智能合約的程式碼漏洞(Code Error)可能對金融穩定構成直接威脅。因此,在未來的實驗過程中,技術風險的嚴格驗證將被視為實用化發展的先決條件。
2026 年數位日圓決策關鍵期,建立基於信任的新型數位基礎設施
在推動批發型結算創新的同時,日本銀行針對零售型央行數位貨幣(CBDC)的試點計劃仍在同步進行。日銀自 2021 年啟動 CBDC 實驗,並於 2023 年進入試點測試階段。根據目前的時程安排,日本銀行預計將於 2026 年內作出最終決定,判斷是否向大眾正式發行零售型數位日圓。
儘管日本民間的數位支付系統已相當成熟,且社會仍普遍偏好使用現金,但日銀認為,央行貨幣作為經濟系統中的「信任之錨(Anchor of Trust)」,在數位時代必須進化為一種安全的數位資產,以連結各種支付工具。日本政府亦將區塊鏈與代幣化視為「新資本主義 2025」成長戰略的重要支柱,透過金融服務廳(FSA)優化代幣化資產的法規歸類,為數位金融環境奠定基礎。
日本銀行此次啟動的區塊鏈實驗,不僅是為了提升技術效率,更是為了在全球央行數位貨幣競賽中,確立日本在次世代金融基礎設施中的競爭力。
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